Alice Freeman Palmer and Higher Education for Women

Known for: president of Wellesley College, noted essay on why women should attend college. Dates: February 21, 1855 - December 6, 1902 Also known as: Alice Elvira Freeman, Alice Freeman Alice Freeman Parker was known not only for her innovative and dedicated work for higher education in her capacity as president of Wellesley College, but for her advocacy of a position somewhere between women being educated to be the equals of men, and women being educated primarily for traditional womens roles.  She firmly believed that women need to be of service to humanity, and that education furthered their ability to do so.  She also recognized that women would be unlikely to do so in traditional male occupations, but could work not only in the home to educate another generation, but in social service work, teaching, and other occupations that played a role in creating a new future. Her speech on Why Go to College? was addressed to young girls and their parents, giving them reasons for girls to be educated.  She also wrote poetry. Excerpt from Why Go to College?: Our American girls themselves are becoming aware that they need the stimulus, the discipline, the knowledge, the interests of the college in addition to the school, if they are to prepare themselves for the most serviceable lives.But there are still parents who say, â€Å"There is no need that my daughter should teach; then why should she go to college?† I will not reply that college training is a life insurance for a girl, a pledge that she possesses the disciplined ability to earn a living for herself and others in case of need, for I prefer to insist on the importance of giving every girl, no matter what her present circumstances, a special training in some one thing by which she can render society service, not amateur but of an expert sort, and service too for which it will be willing to pay a price.   Background Born Alice Elvira Freeman, she grew up in small town New York.  Her fathers family came from early New York settlers, and her mothers father had served with General Washington. James Warren Freeman,  her father, took on medical school, learning to be a physician when Alice was seven, and Elizabeth Higley Freeman, Alices mother, supported the family while he studied. Alice started school at four, having learned to read at three. She was a star student, and was admitted to Windsor Academy, a school for boys and girls. She became engaged to a teacher at the school when she was only fourteen. When he left to study at Yale Divinity School, she decided that she, too, wanted an education, and so she broke the engagement so that she could enter college. She was admitted to the University of Michigan on trial, though she had failed the entrance exams. She combined work and school for seven years to gain her B.A. She took a position teaching in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, after she completed her degree. She had only been out of school a year when Wellesley first invited her to become a math instructor, and she declined. She moved to Saginaw, Michigan, and became a teacher and then the principal of a high school there. Wellesley invited her again, this time to teach Greek. But with her father losing his fortune, and her sister ill, she chose to remain in Saginaw and help support her family. In 1879, Wellesley invited her a third time. This time, they offered her a position at the head of the history department. She began her work there in 1879. She became vice president of the college and acting president in 1881, and in 1882 became president. In her six years as president at Wellesley, she significantly strengthened its academic position. She also helped found the organization that later became the American Association of University Women, and served several terms as president. She was in that office when the AAUW issued a report in 1885 debunking misinformation about the ill effects of education on women. In late 1887, Alice Freeman married George Herbert Palmer, a philosophy professor at Harvard. She resigned as president of Wellesley, but joined the board of trustees, where she continued to support the college until her death. She was suffering from tuberculosis, and her resignation as president allowed her to spend some time recovering. She then took up a career in public speaking, often addressing the importance of higher education for women. She became a member of the Massachusetts State Board of Education and worked for legislation that promoted education. In 1891--2, she served as a manager for the Massachusetts exhibit at the Worlds Columbian Exposition in Chicago. From 1892 to 1895, she took a position with the University of Chicago as dean of women, as the university expanded the female student body. President William Rainey Harper, who wanted her in this position because of her reputation which he believed would draw women students, permitted her to take the position and be in residence for only twelve weeks each year. She was permitted to appoint her own subdean to take care of immediate matters. When women had established themselves more firmly among the students at the University, Palmer resigned so that someone who could serve more actively could be appointed. Back in Massachusetts, she worked to bring Radcliffe College into formal association with Harvard University. She served in many voluntary roles in higher education. In 1902, while in Paris with her husband on a vacation, she had an operation for an intestinal condition, and died afterwards of heart failure, only 47 years old.

Dell The Worlds Fastest Growing Pc Market - 2379 Words

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Competitive Strategy for Technological - Legal and Environmental

Question: Discuss about theCompetitive Strategy for Technological, Legal and Environmental. Answer: Introduction The essay will be highlighting the tools that help in providing competitive strategy to the organizations, which will allow them to function in a proper manner so that the external and the internal threats can be identified properly. The organizations need to have a clear understanding of the threats and the opportunities that are there in the market that may affect the company in an internal or an external manner. The essay will be highlighting the PESTLE analysis and the Five Forces analysis that affect the company in an external manner and SWOT analysis that helps in evaluating the internal operations of the company by examining the strengths that are present. These competitive strategy tools will help in providing Fonterra a competitive advantage in the market so that they can gain a better market share and increase the attractiveness among the customers. PESTLE analysis This is an important tool, as it helps in taking in to consideration the external environment under which the organization is performing so that it can help in providing a clear idea before they are ready to launch a new product within the market so that it can be successful. The analysis is an abbreviation that stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental (Kolios and Read 2013). The political factors will help Fonterra in deciding the regulatory frameworks that will help them in offering the products in the market by abiding to the rules and regulations lay down in the country. The economic factors will help the organization in getting a better knowledge of the performance of the country with respect to the economy so that the company can be able to increase its chances of profits. The social factors will help Fonterra in indentifying the society in which they are operating so that so that they can take in to account the needs and preferences of the customers (Shaw 2015). The technological factors will enable Fonterra in getting a better understanding of the new technologies that are available in the market so that it can result in increasing the production within the organization. This will allow the company in gaining a competitive advantage in the market as well. The legal factors will help Fonterra in adhering to the safety rules and regulations that are present so that they can work in an ethical manner (Baldwin et al. 2014). The environmental factors allow the company in highlighting the surrounding environment where they are carrying out with the operations. It will also enable them in understanding the natural forces that may destroy the production (Yadavalli and Heggers 2013). Five Forces analysis This competitive strategy will help Fonterra in evaluating the position and the competitive strength that they have within the dairy industry. The organizational strength can be determined, which will help in providing the actual position of the organization in the chosen markets so that the ways can be identified that will help in increasing the profits of the company. The power of the supplier has to be determined by Fonterra so that it can help them in analyzing the impact that the suppliers can create within the industry (Spicka 2013). It will also enable the organization in analyzing the cost of switching to the new company. The power of the buyers also needs to be taken in to account by the company, as they play an important role in the reduction of prices within the market. It will also enable the organization in evaluating the willingness of the customers to pay for the products (Noble 2017). The rivalry among the competitors will enable Fonterra in understanding the abilities that the competitors will have in influencing the product within the market. Most of the competitors in the dairy industry provide the products that are similar to Fonterra, which results in decreasing the attractiveness of the product in the local market (Yadavalli and Geggers 2013). The threat that comes from the substitutes needs to be evaluated so that Fonterra can understand the ability of the customers in switching over to a new product when they try to increase the price of the products in the market. The new companies that are gaining entry in the market needs to be analyzed by Fonterra so that it can help in understanding the profitability ration that the company can likely achieve when the new companies will operate in the market (Raven, Cocks and Hayes 2014). SWOT analysis This analysis will help Fonterra in analyzing the strengths and the weakness so that they can overcome the weakness based on the opportunities that are provided within the market. This competitive strategy tool will help in analyzing the internal environment of the company so that they can maximize the level of efficiency within the company. The strengths of the company will help in evaluating the core competencies that are present so that the quality and the quantity of the production can be maintained, which will provide them with a competitive advantage (Ingaldi and Skurkova 2014). The identification of the weaknesses of the company is mandatory for Fonterra, as it has to be improved that will provide the competitive to achieve the economies of scale in a better manner. It will also provide the organization an opportunity to evaluate the weakness so that they can take a better step and analyze the strategies that are present within the organization (Seifu and Doluschitz 2014). The opportunities have to be identified by Fonterra so that it can help them in improving their business in an efficient manner. This would result in increasing their level of profits so that they can be profitable in the market. Fonterra needs to evaluate the options that are present to them as opportunities so that they can help in increasing their volume of sales in the market. It will also result in identifying the loopholes that has not been capitalized so that it can help in increasing the goodwill of the company in the market (Passetti et al. 2016). The threats need to be analyzed in a proper manner by the company so that it can help in understanding the market dynamics that are present in the market. This will allow the company in eliminating the threats that are present in the market so that the company can function in an efficient manner. The managers of Fonterra needs to have a better insight regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the organization that are present inter nally so that they can identify the threats and the opportunities and operate in a proper manner (Seifu and Doluschitz 2014). Conclusion It can therefore be concluded that the tools that are present in analyzing the competitive strategy of the company will result in protecting the internal as well as the external environment in an efficient manner. It will help the managers of Fonterra in understanding then position of the company within the dairy industry as well as in the overall Australian market. It will also allow Fonterra in analyzing the risks and identify the opportunities that are present in the market so that they can be competitive and increase the attractiveness of the products in the market. Reference List Baldwin, R.L., Zhang, A., Fultz, S.W., Abubeker, S., Harris, C., Connor, E.E. and Van Hekken, D.L., 2014. Hot topic: Brown marmorated stink bug odor compounds do not transfer into milk by feeding bug-contaminated corn silage to lactating dairy cattle.Journal of dairy science,97(4), pp.1877-1884. Ingaldi, M. and k?rkov, K.L., 2014. Company strategy determination in food company using SWOT method.Acta Technologica Agriculturae,17(3), pp.66-69. Kolios, A. and Read, G., 2013. A political, economic, social, technology, legal and environmental (PESTLE) approach for risk identification of the tidal industry in the United Kingdom.Energies,6(10), pp.5023-5045. Noble, D., 2017.Forces of production: A social history of industrial automation. Routledge. Passetti, R.A.C., Eiras, C.E., Gomes, L.C., Santos, J.F.D. and Prado, I.N.D., 2016. Intensive dairy farming systems from Holland and Brazil: SWOT analyse comparison.Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences,38(4), pp.439-446. Raven, L.A., Cocks, B.G. and Hayes, B.J., 2014. Multibreed genome wide association can improve precision of mapping causative variants underlying milk production in dairy cattle.BMC genomics,15(1), p.62. Seifu, E. and Doluschitz, R., 2014. Analysis of the dairy value chain: Challenges and opportunities for dairy development in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia.International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research,2(6), pp.224-233. Shaw, A., 2015. A PESTLE analysis for the Pharmaceutical Industry. Spicka, J., 2013. The competitive environment in the dairy industry and its impact on the food industry.Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics,5(2), p.89. Yadavalli, R. and Heggers, G.R.V.N., 2013. Two stage treatment of dairy effluent using immobilized Chlorella pyrenoidosa.Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering,11(1), p.36.